I haven't got any problem booting with my custom external cable on my test computers
I haven't got any USB hub for testing
I suppose you already had a look in the following direction :
On HP forums, users reports that HP motherboards usually use a non standard pinout disposition. I also have read all the HP's technical documents related to my HP computers without finding the real pinout definition.
I'm sure you know that some motherboard do not supply enough power on their USB to operate an USB HDD which simply don't start. I doubt it is the same because USB dom don't need a lot of power... but was it a powered USB hub or a non-powered one ?